Umugabo watewe ubumara bw’inzoka inshuro 200 yagize uruhare mu gukora umuti udasanzwe w’inkingi y’ubutabazi

Ubumara bw’inzoka bwinjijwe mu mubiri w’umugabo wo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ku bushake bwe mu gihe cy’imyaka 18 bwavuyemo umuti mushya ushobora kurengera abantu benshi barumwa n’inzoka, nk’uko byatangajwe n’abashakashatsi.

Tim Friede, wahoze ari umukanishi w’amakamyo, amaze imyaka hafi 20 yitera ubumara bw’inzoka zitandukanye zirimo izifatwa nk’izifite ubumara bwica kurusha izindi ku isi. Muri ibyo bihe, yatewe ubumara burenga inshuro 700, harimo n’izituruka ku nzoka nka mamba, cobra, taipan na krait.

Ibizamini byakorewe ku nyamaswa byerekanye ko imisemburo (antibodies) iri mu maraso ya Friede ifite ubushobozi bwo kurinda ku rugero rudasanzwe uburozi bw’inzoka nyinshi zitandukanye. Aha ni ho abahanga batangarije ko bashobora kuba bageze ku rwego rwo gukora umuti wihariye ushobora gufasha abantu barumwe n’inzoka zitandukanye, utandukanye n’imiti isanzwe igomba guhuza n’ubwoko bw’inzoka umuntu yarumwe nacyo.

“Ntabwo nashakaga gupfa, sinashakaga gutakaza urutoki, sinashakaga no kubura akazi.”
— Tim Friede, mu kiganiro yagiranye na BBC

Mu ntangiriro, intego ya Friede yari ukwikingira ngo azabashe gukomeza gufata inzoka atari bubiryoherwe n’ingaruka z’uburozi. Yatangaga ibice by’iyo nzira kuri YouTube, ariko nyuma yaje kugira ikibazo gikomeye ubwo yakubitwaga n’inzoka ebyiri za cobra mu gihe gito, bituma ajyanwa mu bitaro ari muri koma.

Umugambi wagutse wo gukiza isi

Nyuma yo kurokoka urupfu, intego ya Tim yaragutse. Yatangiye gushyira imbaraga mu bushakashatsi bufasha abandi bantu — cyane cyane abo muri Afurika na Aziya — aho abarenga 140,000 bapfa buri mwaka bazize inzoka, mu gihe abandi batatu ku 1 bapfa bagira ubumuga cyangwa bakanacibwa ibice by’umubiri.

Ati:

“Byahindutse ubuzima bwanjye bwa buri munsi. Nahoraga nshyiramo imbaraga, mbikora ku bw’abantu bari ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bahitanwa n’inzoka.”

Uburyo bushya bwo gukora umuti

Ubusanzwe, imiti y’inzoka ikorwa haterwa ubumara mu nyamaswa nka farasi, umubiri wazo ugatanga imisemburo, iyo misemburo igakurwamo igakoreshwa nk’umuti.

Ariko ikibazo ni uko ubumara butandukanye cyane, ku buryo n’inzoka z’ubwoko bumwe zibereye mu bihugu bitandukanye zitanga uburozi butandukanye. Urugero, umuti waturutse ku nzoka yo mu Buhinde ntugira akamaro kuri iyo nzoka iyo iri muri Sri Lanka.

Abashakashatsi bagiye bashaka imisemburo ifite ubushobozi bwo kwibasira ubumara bwinshi icyarimwe, aho kwibasira igice cyihariye cy’ubumara. Icyo ni cyo cyatumye Dr. Jacob Glanville, umuyobozi mukuru wa kompanyi ya biotekinoloji Centivax, agera kuri Tim Friede.

“Nahise mvuga nti ‘niba hari umuntu ku isi ushobora kuba afite iyo misemburo, ni Friede’.”
— Dr. Glanville

Bamwegereye bamusaba amaraso, kandi ubushakashatsi bwarabyemewe kuko bitari bifite aho bihuriye no kongera kumutera ubumara. Icyo gihe barashakaga umuti uhangana na elapids, umuryango w’inzoka urimo mamba, cobra, taipan, krait n’izindi, zose zifite ubumara bukoreshwa mu guhagarika imyakura, butuma umuntu atabasha guhumeka, bityo agapfa.

Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi

Bakoze ubushakashatsi ku nzoka 19 zatoranyijwe n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS), kandi babashije kuvumbura imisemburo ibiri ibasha kurwanya ibyiciro bitandukanye by’ubumara bwazo. Bashyizeho n’indi miti yiyongera kuri iyo misemburo kugira ngo bongere uburinzi.

Ibipimo byakorewe ku mice (imbeba) byerekanye ko iyo nkingi nshya yabashije kurinda imbeba ku nzoka 13 kuri 19, izisigaye nazo zagaragaje ubwirinzi buciriritse.

“Ibi ni ibintu bitigeze bibaho. Bifite ubushobozi bwo kurinda ku rugero rwo hejuru, no ku bwoko bw’inzoka zidafite umuti uzwi kugeza ubu,”
— Dr. Glanville

Ubu, abashakashatsi barimo kugerageza kongera igice cya kane kugira ngo uyu muti ubashe kurinda abantu ku nzoka zose zo mu muryango wa elapids.

Hari n’indi nzego zigifite ibibazo bikomeye, nka vipers, zikoresha ubumara bujya mu maraso (haemotoxins), cyangwa cytotoxins zibangiriza uturemangingo.

“Mu myaka 10–15 iri imbere, tuzaba dufite umuti ushobora kurwanya buri cyiciro cy’ubumara.”
— Prof. Peter Kwong, Columbia University

Icyizere ku buryo bwo gukiza benshi

“Imisemburo ya Tim ni iy’igitangaza. Yatojereje umubiri we uburyo bwo kumenya no kwirwanaho ku bumara butandukanye.”
— Prof. Kwong

Intego ya nyuma ni ugukora umuti umwe ushobora gukiza abantu barumwe n’inzoka zose, cyangwa ibinini bibiri gusa: kimwe kuri elapids n’ikindi kuri vipers.

“Ubushakashatsi buratanga icyizere gikomeye. Ni intambwe ikomeye cyane mu buvuzi bw’ingaruka z’ubumara bw’inzoka.”
— Prof. Nick Casewell, Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuvuzi mu Bwongereza

Yongeraho ko nubwo hari icyizere, uyu muti ugikeneye igeragezwa ryagutse ku bantu mbere y’uko wemezwa mu buryo bwemewe.

Umusozo w’inkuru: “Ndabyishimiye”

“Numva nishimye. Ndimo gukora igikorwa gifitiye akamaro abantu. Kuri njye, ni intambwe ikomeye. Ndabyishimiye.”
— Tim Friede